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		<title>#15 How many solar power and battery capacity do I need?</title>
		<link>https://itsus.eu/en/cat_dosen-dasein/15-how-many-solar-power-and-battery-capacity-do-i-need</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tobias]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Dec 2020 20:26:53 +0000</pubDate>
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		<category><![CDATA[leistungsberechnung]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[solaranlage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solarstrom]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[This answer is quite simple because you can simply calculate it. A solar panel supplies 12V and in our latitudes you can expect an average of about 4-5 hours of yield per day. Based on this, you can calculate with 400 Wh or 33,33 Ah per 100 Watt solar panel. So that you can save [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<p>This answer is quite simple because you can simply calculate it.</p>



<p>A solar panel supplies 12V and in our latitudes you can expect an average of about 4-5 hours of yield per day. Based on this, you can calculate with 400 Wh or 33,33 Ah per 100 Watt solar panel. So that you can save your pencil, I have created an Excel sheet where you simply have to enter the values of the consumers in the green fields and you can see at the top right at &#8220;Überschuß&#8221; whether the targeted total wattage of your solar system is sufficient.</p>



<p>Before you start scribbling on a paper simply download my excel sheet for this calculation. You only have to enter the devices watt and current. Be sure that you calculate with 12V even if you use a 230V device with a converter because the converter works with 12V. Also be sure to know the max Ampere your battery can provide. An example: You have a converter and use your mini oven with 1500 watt for 30 minutes. This means that you need 125 Ampere for 30 minutes. The simple calculation will give you a result of 62,5 Ah but you can be sure to blow a 62,5 Ah battery away if you try this. So don´t do this if you don´t want to meet the guys from your local fire department. Always have in mind what kind of battery you use (AGM or LiFePo?) and you need to know what your kind of battery can deliver!!</p>



<p>Excel sheet to calculate the solar power <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://itsus.eu/wp-content/uploads/Solarstromberechnung.xlsx" data-type="URL" data-id="https://itsus.eu/wp-content/uploads/Solarstromberechnung.xlsx" target="_blank">download</a></p>



<p>If you hava any questions or sugestions please write a comment or email.</p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>#10 230V in a CamperVan</title>
		<link>https://itsus.eu/en/cat_dosen-dasein/10-230v-im-campervan</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tobias]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Aug 2020 18:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[vanlife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Baron/Baroness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emperor/Empress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[King/Queen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prince/Princess]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[230V]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CamperStrom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diyvaper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stromversorgung]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VanLife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wechselrichter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WoMo-Strom]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.tobiasn.eu/?p=86</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Erstmal ist klar das man einen Wechselrichter benötigt, der aus 12V Gleichspannung die gewohnte 230V Wechselspannung erzeugt.
Und schon beginnen die Probleme:
Davon gibt es nun hunderte auf dem Markt und zu extrem unterschiedlichen Preisen. Nun könnte man einfach wieder sagen: Wer billig kauft, kauft zweimal und das mag auch stimmen aber das bedeutet nicht im Umkehrschluß dass ich mit dem Teuersten am besten beraten bin. Also was tun?]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>First of all, you need an inverter that generates the usual 230V AC voltage from 12V DC voltage.</p>



<p>And already the problems begin:</p>



<p>There are hundreds of them on the market with extremely different prices. Now you might say: If you buy cheap, you buy twice, and that may be true, but that doesn&#8217;t mean that I&#8217;m best off with the most expensive one. So what to do?</p>



<p>To find the right inverter you need to know 2 things:</p>



<ul><li>How many watts do my devices have? And which devices are running at the same time?</li><li>Which types of devices do I want to use?</li></ul>



<p>The first question is important because I figure out what power the inverter must have. If I have a 2000W oven and it should always run in the morning together with the 1800 Watt coffee machine, that is 3800 Watts. sounds simple at first, if there were not the inrush currents. Inrush currents are only present for a very short time, but can be many times higher than the continuous current that flows afterwards.<br><em>(This is called the inductive loads, which includes pretty much everything with a motor/drive. E.g. drilling machines, washing machines but also compressors, etc.)</em><br>However, the manufacturer of the devices always specifies the power in relation to the continuous current and not to the inrush current. A rule of thumb says that you should always calculate with twice the current. In our example, that would be 7600 watts. Fortunately, the inverters also have a tolerance and always indicate two powers. On the one hand, of course, the continuous power but also the short-term power. This should be but is not always located at twice the continuous power. And it is usually only available for a few milliseconds, which is difficult when the connected motor needs e.g. 5 seconds to reach full speed.</p>



<p>The second question: device types? Now we come to the sine curve. I think that everyone has seen such a curve before and if not, it doesn&#8217;t matter because one is shown below. But what does this have to do with inverters? Well the cheap inverters have a so called modified sine wave and that means simplified that the curve is actually not a curve but more like a staircase. And exactly these modified sine curves are not tolerated by every device.</p>



<p>Which device needs which sine wave now?<br>So-called capacitive loads.<br><em>This usually includes all sensitive electronics, such as the coffee pad machine and the fully automatic coffee machine, control units, measurement technology, amplifiers, hi-fi systems, etc.</em><br>Some of it can still work but it can lead to premature defects, unpleasant side effects like humming and other side effects that you don&#8217;t want to have.<br>And how do I find out if my device can handle a modified sine wave? This is usually only possible by trial and error, because the manufacturers usually do not provide any information.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img decoding="async" src="https://itsus.eu/wp-content/uploads/Sinus-e1595763249480.jpg" alt="sinuskurven im Vergleich"/><figcaption>pure sine wave vs. modified sine wave</figcaption></figure>



<p>So if I just want to run a classic coffee maker and some chargers, then an inverter with a modified sine wave may be quite sufficient but…</p>



<p>my conclusion:</p>



<p>An inverter I will buyonly once for a very long time. For this reason, I advise the following:</p>



<ol><li>required total power plus 30 percent reserve</li><li>real sine wave to be future-proof, because nothing would be more annoying if you buy a new device a few months later and find out that it can&#8217;t cope with a modified sine wave.</li><li>double peak load (3000/6000W: even if this is only in the millisecond range, it usually means that instead of 3000 watts of continuous power, you can also call up 3500 watts over a few minutes).</li><li>In the end, all of the above has an impact on the price, which in my eyes is amortized very quickly if you convert this to the years of operation.</li></ol>



<p>And last but not least, here&#8217;s the model I&#8217;m planning to install:</p>



<p><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://amzn.to/2Xe15sH" target="_blank">Giandel 3000 Watt pure sine wave</a>*</p>



<p class="has-small-font-size">* The links are so called affiliate links. This is a fair way to support me and say thank you, because it costs you nothing except the regular price of the item and I get a commission for your purchase which helps me to realize this project and the following.<br></p>



<p></p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>#8 Solar (charge) controller: MPPT vs. PWM</title>
		<link>https://itsus.eu/en/cat_dosen-dasein/8-solar-lade-regler-mppt-vs-pwm</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tobias]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2020 11:04:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[vanlife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Baron/Baroness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emperor/Empress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[King/Queen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prince/Princess]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[camperlife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CamperStrom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[campinglife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diycamper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[laderegler]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mppt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pwm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VanLife]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.tobiasn.eu/?p=81</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Welches Ladegerät ist das Richtige? Kurz: Da gibt es keine Antwort die universell richtig ist. Beide Arten von Ladegeräten haben ihre Daseinsberechtigung und im folgenden erkläre ich warum. Aber eines noch vorweg: Es gibt nur diese zwei Varianten und leider gibt es viele PWM Ladegeräte die sich MPPT nennen es aber nicht sind (wie man [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>Welches Ladegerät ist das Richtige? </p>



<p>Kurz: Da gibt es keine Antwort die universell richtig ist.</p>



<p>Beide Arten von Ladegeräten haben ihre Daseinsberechtigung und im folgenden erkläre ich warum. Aber eines noch vorweg: </p>



<p>Es gibt nur diese zwei Varianten und leider gibt es viele PWM Ladegeräte die sich MPPT nennen es aber nicht sind (wie man schon am Titelbild sehen kann). Da werden dann ganz tolle Begriffe kreiert aber am Ende ist das nur Marketing und teilweise hart an der Grenze zum Betrug.</p>



<p>Aber nun zum wesentlichen:<br>MPPT steht für MultiPowerPointTechnology und das heisst, dass das Ladegerät immer den optimalen Ladestrom liefert, den die Batterie gerade benötigt/verträgt. Es optimiert also die Ladekarakteristik und verkürzt damit die Ladezeit bei gleichzeitiger Schonung der Batterie. Das hört sich jetzt natürlich total super an und das ist es auch aber es hat eben auch seinen Preis. Und viel wichtiger. Es bedeutet eben nicht, das PWM Ladegeräte das alles nicht können und deswegen schlecht sind. Natürlich haben sie keine MPPT Technik aber deswegen machen Sie nicht die Batterien kaputt. Sie funktionieren genauso gut nur eben etwas langsamer und nicht ganz so schonend. Dies ist aber in keinster Weise gefährlich oder schlimm. Wer allerdings 1000+ € für eine LiFePo Batterie ausgibt, der spart mit Sicherheit am falschen Ende wenn er sich ein 30 € PWM Ladegerät kauft. Wer aber 300 € in seine AGM Batterien investiert, der muss mit Sicherheit nicht den gleichen Betrag in ein MPPT Regler investieren. Hier gilt es einfach die wirtschaftliche Mitte zu finden und auch an die Zukunft zu denken. Wer eine AGM aus Budgetgründen nur vorrübergehend einplant, um schnellst möglich auf eine große und teure LiFePo Batterie upzugraden, der wartet mit dem Upgrade einfach etwas länger und investiert vorher in ein MPPT Regler. Wer aber mit AGM auskommen kann/will der kann auch problemlos in ein gutes mittelpreisiges PWM Ladegerät investieren. Außerdem ist auch noch die Frage zu klären, wie aufgeladen werden soll. Solar, Landstrom, Lichtmaschine oder alles gleichzeitig?</p>



<p>Aber wo ist denn jetzt der genaue Unterschied?<br>Nun bei den meisten Camperumbauten wird werden wohl alle Ladevarianten zum Einsatz kommen wobei aber Solar die Hauptquelle sein wird. Davon ausgehend kann man die Frage relativ simple beantworten:</p>



<p>Generell gilt: Die Eingangsspannung muss zum Laderegler passen! Wer 36V Panele verwendet oder Panele in Serie schalten will, der muss eben darauf achten. Ich beschreibe das auf Basis eines 12V Systems mit 18V Solarpanele!</p>



<p>PWM: <br>&#8211; Ein PWM Regler hat immer eine konstante Ladespannung. Das heisst, wenn das Solarpanel 18V liefert schneidet das PWM die Spannung bei 12 V einfach ab und der Rest geht schlicht verloren.<br>&#8211; Ein PWM ist nur bedingt für Lithium Batterien geeignet aber mittlerweile gibt es Regler die auch eine Ladekurve für diesen Batterietyp haben. Allerdings ist dies meiner Meinung nach nicht zu empfehlen.</p>



<p>MPPT:<br>&#8211; Ein MPPT Regler hat die Fähigkeit die &#8220;abgeschnittenen&#8221; 6V in Strom umzuwandeln, sodass eine bis zu 30% höhere Stromausbeute möglich ist, was natürlich die Ladezeit verkürzt.<br>&#8211; Ein MPPT kann deutlich besser mit seriell verschalteten Panelen umgehen, da hier die überschüssige Spannung immer in Strom umgewandelt wird.</p>



<p>Ich möchte noch gerne darauf hinweisen, dass ich die Technik möglichst für jeden verständlich erkläre und daher sehr oberflächlich bleibe und auch mal Vergleiche heranziehe, wo sich ein Ingeneur wahrscheinlich die Haare rauft aber es geht nur darum das Prinzip zu verstehen und sich eben nicht schlecht fühlen zu müssen, wenn es dann kein MPPT Regler ist. Auch dann nicht wenn der Laderegler eine LiFePo Batterie versorgt. Vielmehr soll hier etwas Aufmerksamkeit gefördert werden. Insbesondere bei den Schnäppchenjägern die in Versuchung geführt werden ein MPPT Regler für 30 € kaufen zu können und sich in Sicherheit wiegen. Auch diese &#8220;Fakes&#8221; laden die teure LiFePo Batterie natürlich auf aber eben nicht so wie man denkt. Also seit gewarnt. Orientiert euch an den etablierten Marken wie Votronic, etc.. und geht einfach davon aus, dass auch diese Marken lieber einen Regler für 40,-€ verkaufen würden als für 140,-€ wenn dies denn wirtschaftlich gesehen möglich wäre. Ist es aber einfach nicht. Das es nun Hersteller gibt die dennoch etwas günstiger sind ist unumstritten aber eben keine 50 oder mehr Prozent. </p>



<p>Nachtrag: Der derzeit günstigste mir bekannte MPPT Laderegler ist dieser von <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://amzn.to/30cWSY3" target="_blank">Renogy</a>* und mit knapp 70,- € ein Preisbrecher.<br>Die Preise sind aber auch generell etwas gesunken in den letzten Tagen, was auch der Grund für die Überarbeitung des Artikels war.</p>



<p class="has-small-font-size">* The links are so called affiliate links. This is a fair way to support me and say thank you, because it costs you nothing except the regular price of the item and I get a commission for your purchase which helps me to realize this project and the following.<br></p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>#7 Cut-off relay vs. charge booster</title>
		<link>https://itsus.eu/en/cat_dosen-dasein/7-trennrelais-vs-ladebooster</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tobias]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2020 11:04:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[vanlife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Baron/Baroness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emperor/Empress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[King/Queen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prince/Princess]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[agm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[batterien]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[camperlife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CamperStrom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[campinglife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diycamper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ladebooster]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lifepo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[trennrelais]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VanLife]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.tobiasn.eu/?p=79</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Trennrelais oder Ladebooster? Was ist der Unterscheid und wann brauche ich was? Zunächst mal die Geminsamkeiten: Beide Varianten dienen dazu, dass die Lichtmaschine nicht nur die Starterbattere, sondern auch die Aufbaubatterie lädt. In beiden Fällen wird zuerst die Starterbatterie geladen und wenn diese aufgeladen ist, dann wird die überschüssige Energie der Lichtmaschine an die Aufbaubatterie [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>Trennrelais oder Ladebooster? Was ist der Unterscheid und wann brauche ich was?</p>



<p>Zunächst mal die Geminsamkeiten: Beide Varianten dienen dazu, dass die Lichtmaschine nicht nur die Starterbattere, sondern auch die Aufbaubatterie lädt. In beiden Fällen wird zuerst die Starterbatterie geladen und wenn diese aufgeladen ist, dann wird die überschüssige Energie der Lichtmaschine an die Aufbaubatterie geleitet.</p>



<p>Dies macht alles das Trennrelais und mehr macht es eben auch nicht. Nun kommt der Ladebooster ins Spiel, denn das Problem entsteht vorallem bei neueren Fahrzeugen ab ca Euro 5 Norm. Diese schalten nämlich die Lichtmaschine ab, wenn die Starterbatterie voll ist, was bei einem Trennrelais dazu führt, dass die Aufbaubatterie garnicht geladen würde. Hier kommt der Ladebooster und sagt dem Steuergerät praktisch, dass die Starterbatterie noch garnicht voll ist so dass die Lichtmaschine weiterhin Strom liefert, der dann an die Aufbaubatterie geht. Allerings hat der Ladebooster generell eine &#8220;intelligente&#8221; Elektronik verbaut, zumindet im Vergleich zum Trennrelais und daher kann der Ladebooster nicht nur Steuergeräte von modernen Fahrzeugen austricksen, sondern auch optimiert für LiFePo Batterien und deren Kennlinien arbeiten und so eine schnellere Ladung erwirken. </p>



<p>Dies ist nun alles etwas vereinfacht ausgedrückt aber es soll einfach nur klarmachen, dass ein Trennrelais so gesehen zwar überholt ist aber im Falle eines älteren Fahrzeugs in Verbindung mit älteren Batterietypen wie z.B. Blei, Gel oder auch AGM Batterien durchaus ausreichend ist. Nutzt man entweder moderne LiFePo Batterien oder hat ein modernes Auto, dann ist ein Ladebooster Pflicht um das beste Ergebnis erzielen zu können.</p>



<p>Trotz meiner Pläne einen Oldtimer zu kaufen, werde ich mich für einen Ladebooster entscheiden. Einfach aus dem Grund, dass ich fähig bin, die geplanten AGM Batterien später problemlos gegen LiFePo Batterien austauschen zu können.</p>



<p>Die beiden Artikel vom Bild:<br><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://amzn.to/3jZrELZ" target="_blank">Trennrelais</a>*<br><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://amzn.to/336vw7H" target="_blank">Ladebooster</a>*</p>



<p class="has-small-font-size">* The links are so called affiliate links. This is a fair way to support me and say thank you, because it costs you nothing except the regular price of the item and I get a commission for your purchase which helps me to realize this project and the following.<br></p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>#6 The mains priority circuit</title>
		<link>https://itsus.eu/en/cat_dosen-dasein/6-die-netzvorrangschaltung</link>
					<comments>https://itsus.eu/en/cat_dosen-dasein/6-die-netzvorrangschaltung#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tobias]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Jul 2020 18:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[vanlife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Baron/Baroness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emperor/Empress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[King/Queen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prince/Princess]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[camperlife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CamperStrom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[campinglife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diycamper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Netzvorrangschaltung]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VanLife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wechselstrom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WoMo-Strom]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.tobiasn.eu/?p=77</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[A mains priority circuit can be realized in all directions and with all voltages. It is always used when two identical voltage sources are available which compete with each other. Since the CamperVan has only the batteries as a voltage source for the 12V range, only the 230V network comes into question. Here is on [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>A mains priority circuit can be realized in all directions and with all voltages. It is always used when two identical voltage sources are available which compete with each other. Since the CamperVan has only the batteries as a voltage source for the 12V range, only the 230V network comes into question.</p>



<p>Here is on the one hand the inverter and on the other hand the direct connection to the shore power.</p>



<p>Which power I give priority to depends on the planning. </p>



<p>In the first step you can say that I don&#8217;t need the Wechserlrichter when the shore power is connected. This would mean that the shore power is preferred to the inverter.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="631" height="160" src="https://blog.tobiasn.eu/wp-content/uploads/Netzvorrangschaltung-v1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-92" srcset="https://itsus.eu/wp-content/uploads/Netzvorrangschaltung-v1.png 631w, https://itsus.eu/wp-content/uploads/Netzvorrangschaltung-v1-500x127.png 500w" sizes="(max-width: 631px) 100vw, 631px" /><figcaption>mains priority circuit for landline power supply</figcaption></figure>



<p>In the example above the charger is supplied parallel to the total 230V demand of the CamperVan, which charges the battery(ies), because the battery(ies) still supply the 12V grid and also the inverter.</p>



<p>If you want to connect a generator to charge the battery, a switch should be installed in the supply line to the relay for the mains priority circuit, as very few generators can supply enough power to maintain full 230V operation during charging. But even if this were the case, it would only prolong the charging process unnecessarily and thus also the noise pollution caused by the generator.</p>



<p>By the way, the picture shows the mains priority switch of the company offgridtec* which I plan to use</p>



<p class="has-small-font-size">* The links are so called affiliate links. This is a fair way to support me and say thank you, because it costs you nothing except the regular price of the item and I get a commission for your purchase which helps me to realize this project and the following.<br></p>
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		<title>#5 The solar system</title>
		<link>https://itsus.eu/en/cat_dosen-dasein/5-die-solaranlage</link>
					<comments>https://itsus.eu/en/cat_dosen-dasein/5-die-solaranlage#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tobias]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2020 18:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[vanlife]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;ll give you a warning: This topic offers enough space to fill whole books, so I just have to cut at some places. If I will make my own contribution out of it, we will see then.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>I&#8217;ll give you a warning: This topic offers enough space to fill whole books, so I just have to cut at some places. If I will make my own contribution out of it, we will see then.</p>



<Solar plants (SP), or actually photovoltaic plants, are probably the best way to supply oneself with electricity. That's why every motorhome now has such a system on the roof. The advantages are obvious but what are the disadvantages?



<p>shadow parkers are excluded! Clearly, because a SP has the shadow as its natural mortal enemy. But sun parkers do not have to do without a pleasant indoor climate. Good insulation is already half the battle. (You guessed it? There will be a contribution to this)</p>



<p>Now we still stick to the so called shading. This has a great influence on the whole SP if only a tiny piece of the solar panel is shaded. Well then I will just take 2, 3 or even more panels. Yes, ok and that is without alternative in my case because of the hunger for electricity but how do I connect them? In row or parallel? Unfortunately there is only one correct answer&#8230;</p>



<p>short: A solar panel consists of several cells. Each cell produces 0.5V and these are usually connected in series of 36 pieces, so that you get a total voltage of 18V. Keyword light chain! If one cell fails, the whole panel fails. Luckily there are diodes in the panel to prevent this but still the voltage is halved. <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f641.png" alt="🙁" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p>



<p>So there should be several panels:<br><br>The serial circuit: </p>



<p>The panels are connected as follows:</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" src="https://itsus.eu/wp-content/uploads/serielle-solarpanele.png" alt="Reihenschaltung Solarpanele"/><figcaption>einfache Skizze für Reihenschaltung von Solarpanele</figcaption></figure>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-3">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow">
<h3 class="has-text-align-center wp-block-heading">Advantages</h3>



<ul><li>Simple cabling</li><li>smaller cable cross sections</li><li>More power</li><li>Shading is better compensated</li></ul>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow">
<h3 class="has-text-align-center wp-block-heading">Disadvantages</h3>



<ul><li>Only identical modules in a chain (current intensity)</li><li>increasing voltage means higher safety measures (contact safety)</li><li>The solar controllers are more expensive the more input voltage is allowed</li><li>MPPT controller more efficient but more expensive</li></ul>
</div>
</div>



<p>Ok then rather parallel?</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" src="https://itsus.eu/wp-content/uploads/parallele-solarpanele.png" alt=""/><figcaption>parallel Anschluß von Solarpanele</figcaption></figure>



<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-6">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow">
<h3 class="has-text-align-center wp-block-heading">Advantages</h3>



<ul><li>The performance of the modules can be different</li><li>Mobile modules can be added if the voltage is equal</li><li>no problems with PWM controllers</li></ul>
</div>



<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow">
<h3 class="has-text-align-center wp-block-heading">Disadvantages</h3>



<ul><li>Cabling more complicated</li><li>thicker cable cross sections necessary</li><li>Losses in shading per string higher</li></ul>



<p></p>
</div>
</div>



<p>And what is better now? This question can only be answered by yourself and in the end it is certainly also a budget question. Who, like me, has to pay a lot of attention to the budget, will probably prefer parallel connection. Especially if only 2 panels are planned. With 4 and more panels, a combination can also be effective.</p>



<p>I am currently planning to use 4pk 100 Watt panels and the combined circuit, i.e. 2 parallel and 2 serial. The whole thing is connected to a PWM solar controller and 2-3pcs 200Ah AGM batteries. Of course I would also prefer LiFeYPo batteries but the weight is irrelevant for my planning and the higher efficiency is unfortunately not outweighed by the price. However, this may still change, because building a 300-400 Ah battery by myself is still an idea in my head.



<p>What is the conclusion now? Actually there is none. At least no generally valid one. If you don&#8217;t have to pay attention to the money, you should connect high quality 72 cell modules in series (serial) and use lithium batteries with a high quality MPPT regulator.</p>



<p>Whoever chooses the cheapest way is more likely to get 36 cell modules connected in parallel via a PWM controller to supply conventional AGM batteries.



<p><p>And the most important decision criterion is and remains How much electricity do I consume per day and how much of it I have to recharge per day. In the end, the battery decides how long I can stand independently, because if it snows for a week in winter, the SP supplies an estimated 0 electricity.</p>.</p>
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		<title>#4 How I planned the electrical system</title>
		<link>https://itsus.eu/en/cat_dosen-dasein/4-wie-ich-die-elektrik-geplant-habe</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tobias]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2020 18:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[vanlife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Baron/Baroness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emperor/Empress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[King/Queen]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[camperlife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CamperStrom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[campinglife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diy]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Solar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solarstrom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VanLife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WoMo-Strom]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[The rough overview is that the van has of course the starter battery, which is charged by the alternator. Additionally I need one or more batteries to supply the living area with electricity. So far so good. Now you have to think less about how to use the electricity and more about how to get [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>The rough overview is that the van has of course the starter battery, which is charged by the alternator. Additionally I need one or more batteries to supply the living area with electricity. So far so good. Now you have to think less about how to use the electricity and more about how to get the electricity so that the battery(s) are not empty all the time.</p>



<ol><li>Option: Of course the alternator. This charges the starter battery and can of course also charge the body battery. In the simplest case this requires a cut-off relay and in the special case a charging booster. When is this special case? I will write a separate article on this topic at some point.</li><li>Option: The charger on shore power. In my case of application this is only an emergency solution, because I plan to be self-sufficient and therefore I will have shore power available rather rarely.</li><li>Option: Solar. Nowadays the dimensioning and the costs are rather standard but still very individual. In my case it will be the main source of supply and therefore I will dedicate one or more own contributions to this topic.</li><li>Option: The Generator. It replaces the shore power connection and supplies a charger. Also this can only be an emergency solution, because whether I run the van motor or a generator is at most a difference in the resulting noise pollution for the surrounding area. So this is only possible if you are not only self-sufficient but also lonely.</li></ol>



<p>The options mentioned are of course not exclusive and so you don&#8217;t have to choose one but can combine them. For this reason all 4 of them are planned. The generator does not appear in the plan, because it only supplies the shore power connection if necessary.</p>



<p class="has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background" style="font-size:14px"><em>And now an important warning and an explanation!<br>Work on the electrical system is life-threatening and must be carried out by a specialist. You neither want your WoMo to burn down nor do you want to get an electric shock. So only do it yourself, if you know what you are doing! My plans are for me and can contain mistakes, so I don&#8217;t take any warranty or liability for them.<br><br>The following plan shows only the electric circuit. So the drawn lines are not necessarily single-core. The lamp symbol is only a symbol for a power consumer to make the plan easier to understand. Whether this is a lamp or a consumer connected to a socket is not important for the plan.<br>But again: Who does not understand the plan must get itself compellingly technical support, in order to avoid damage to humans and machine.</em></p>



<p>The idea:</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="724" src="https://blog.tobiasn.eu/wp-content/uploads/Stromlaufplan-1-1024x724.png" alt="" class="wp-image-72" srcset="https://itsus.eu/wp-content/uploads/Stromlaufplan-1-1024x724.png 1024w, https://itsus.eu/wp-content/uploads/Stromlaufplan-1-500x354.png 500w, https://itsus.eu/wp-content/uploads/Stromlaufplan-1-768x543.png 768w, https://itsus.eu/wp-content/uploads/Stromlaufplan-1.png 1147w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption>Stromlaufplan vom DIY-CamperVan</figcaption></figure>



<p>What do you see there now?<br>There are 3 potential power sources (shore power, solar, alternator) These all need their own electronically controlled connection to the batteries.<br>-The cut-off relay or charge booster connects the starter battery to the body battery. (in both directions)<br>-The solar regulator converts the voltage to 12V and conducts/regulates the charging current to the battery.<br>-The 230V charger does what the name says when shore power is available.<br>-Then you can see a grid priority circuit in the plan. This relay only controls a &#8220;preferred&#8221; power source. In this plan this is the shore power (A). If this is present, the inverter is disconnected. But I will write a more detailed report about this as well, because this variant has advantages and disadvantages and might be adapted again.</p>



<p>The voltmeters only show the voltage of the respective batteries. This is purely informative and optional.</p>



<p>The battery monitor shows, depending on the version, everything concerning the battery. Voltage, capacity, charge current, discharge current, consumption, remaining range, etc. Although this is also an optional accessory, because it does not serve the function, I can only warmly recommend it, because this is the only way to get an overview of your energy balance. Of course, you could always measure everything manually and calculate the values yourself but economy is different.</p>



<p>Now the power sources and batteries are under control. So we can take care of the consumers.<br>For this purpose we need a 12V connection panel, which also houses the fuses and an inverter which converts the 12V DC voltage into 230V AC voltage. From the inverter on, we continue in principle according to the rules of home electrics with a few exceptions. You already suspect it? There is also a separate contribution to this.</p>



<p>How I have connected what is of course still detailed in the individual articles that show the actual conversion. The planning phase is still running. Of course, the material list is also part of the planning. In the range of the devices one can get everything from cheap to expensive or from simple to luxury. What it will be in the end is of course budget and wish dependent.</p>



<p class="has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background"><em>But a warning in advance! I will order large parts of this equipment directly in China, because there it is mostly produced anyway. BUT do this only if you know how the Chinese mail order companies tick. There &#8220;label fraud&#8221; is the order of the day. PWM chargers are often called MPPT chargers. Solar panels have 300 Watt and more. Small batteries have 10 thousand mAh capacity, etc…. In short, even Chinese manufacturers cannot overcome the laws of physics and do magic. I will also write my own article on this topic on occasion, because I have been ordering in China for almost 20 years and without any problems.<br>To make your purchase safer I will always give an alternative source with buyer protection, like Amazon.</em></p>



<p>So much for the installation of the electrical supply in my CamperVan. Details will follow in the implementation phase. How does the planning continue? The water supply is at least as important as the power supply…</p>
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